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Friday the 13th, also known as Black Friday, is considered an unlucky day in Western superstition. It occurs when the 13th day of the month in the Gregorian calendar falls on a Friday. ==History== The fear of the number 13 has been given a scientific name: "triskaidekaphobia"; and on analogy to this the fear of Friday the 13th is called ''paraskevidekatriaphobia'', from the Greek words ''Paraskeví'' (Παρασκευή, meaning "Friday"), and ''dekatreís'' (δεκατρείς, meaning "thirteen"). The superstition surrounding this day may have arisen in the Middle Ages, "originating from the story of Jesus' last supper and crucifixion" in which there were 13 individuals present in the Upper Room on the 13th of Nisan Maundy Thursday, the night before his death on Good Friday. While there is evidence of both Friday〔 Friday has been considered an unlucky day to undertake journeys or begin new projects at least since the 14th century, as witnessed by Chaucer's ''Canterbury Tales''.〕 and the number 13 being considered unlucky, there is no record of the two items being referred to as especially unlucky in conjunction before the 19th century.〔(Nathaniel Lachenmeyer, ''13: The Story of the World's Most Popular Superstition'' ) ch. 5 (2004).〕〔 An early documented reference in English occurs in Henry Sutherland Edwards' 1869 biography of Gioachino Rossini, who died on a Friday 13th: He () was surrounded to the last by admiring friends; and if it be true that, like so many Italians, he regarded Fridays as an unlucky day and thirteen as an unlucky number, it is remarkable that on Friday 13th of November he passed away.〔Henry Sutherland Edwards, ''The Life of Rossini'', Blackett, 1869, p.340.〕 It is possible that the publication in 1907 of Thomas W. Lawson's popular novel ''Friday, the Thirteenth'', contributed to disseminating the superstition. In the novel, an unscrupulous broker takes advantage of the superstition to create a Wall Street panic on a Friday the 13th.〔 A suggested origin of the superstition—Friday, 13 October 1307, the date Philip IV of France arrested hundreds of the Knights Templar—may not have been put together until the 20th century. It is mentioned in the 1955 Maurice Druon historical novel ''The Iron King'' (''Le Roi de fer''), John J. Robinson's 1989 work ''Born in Blood: The Lost Secrets of Freemasonry'', Dan Brown's 2003 novel ''The Da Vinci Code'' and Steve Berry's ''The Templar Legacy'' (2006).〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Friday the 13th )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Friday the 13th」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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